Sailed4seas的部落格

“避碰隨筆”是一本在職與想要，成為船副或船長必讀的書.

作者早年航海遭受不景氣的影響，飯碗朝夕不保，只因心念已定，立志做一個船長，雖然險阻重重，環境在變，技術在變，人事在變，仍然一本初衷，勇往直前。但是志向遠大，並沒有保證會成功，其中最大的困難，就是避碰。避了大船，要避小船，避了一條，還要避一群，避了一群，整海面都還要避，而且單拖，雙拖，機帆船，舢舨，快速船，慢速船，狹宰水道，滿海面燈火，大小相映，遠近爭輝。過的了今天，還有明天，過了這口子，還有那道灣子，沒完沒了，前途何在?四顧茫然，手酸腳軟。

1.  VISUAL TURNING

HOW TO TURN A VESSEL IN A WATERWAY? IF YOU ARE IN THE NAVY, THERE WILL A SET OF SOP NEEDS TO FOLLOW. FIRST YOU WILL AVE TO READ THE MANEUVERING BOARD VERY CAREFULLY TO IDENTIFY THE TACTICAL DIAMETER. IN THE MANEUVERING BOARD, THEY WILL INVARIABLE BE SHOWN IN METERS WHICH IS INPRATICAL FOR MARINE USAGE EVEN WE USE THE RADAR TO MEASURE THE DISTANCE AND THE RUDDER USED TO TURN THE VESSEL FOR MEASURING THE TACTICAL DIAMETER IS ALWAYS IN FIXED RATE.

THERE WERE A STUDY OF WHY A TURNING MANEUVERING WILL FAIL

1. THE VESSEL SPEED HAD NOT REDUCED BEFORE TURNING.
2. DIDN’T USE THE SLOW SPEED CONTROL WHEN APPROACH THE TURNING POINT.
3. WOP IS WRONG.
4. DIDN’T USE THE FULL RUDDER ANGLE TO TURN.
5. ENGINE SPEED IS NOT ENOUGH FOR TURNING.
6. DIDN’T STOP THE ENGINE BEFORE REDUCE THE RUDDER ANGLE.

• THE IMPORTANCE OF KEEP LOW INITIAL VESSEL SPEED.IS TO RESERVE THE NECESSARY MANEUVERING ABILILITY WHEN EXTRA RUDDER EFFECT IS NEEDED.
• SLOW SPEED CONTROL IS TAKEN ALL THE ENGINE SPEED OUT AND CONTROLLING THE VESSEL’S HEADING AND POSITION BY KICK AHEAD THE ENGINE.
• WHEEL OVER POSITION MAY BE INCORRECT BY APPLING THE RUDDER ANGLE TOO LATE OR THE VESSEL IS NOT IN THE MIDDLE OF THE FAIRWAY.
• TO USE THE FULL RUUDER IN THE FIRST RUDDER ORDER IS TO INITIALIZE THE TURNING. IF THE TURNING STARTED TOO LATE, THE ENGINE POWER MAY KICK IN.
• ENGINE SPEED NOT ENOUGH MEANS THE ENGINE POWER IS NOT RESERVED BEFORE THE TURNING OR DIDN’T USE AL THE ENGINE POWER AVALABLE.
• AFTER THE VESSEL HAVE INITIALIZED THE TURN AND IT’S SEEMS TURNING TOO FAST, THE ENGINE POWER SHOULD TAKE OFF FIRST TO SEE THE TURNING IS STILL GOING ON THE RIGHT TURNIGN RATE.    

ALL THESE CAUSE ARE REFLECTING THE SAME TRUTH OF TURNING MANEUVERING

WIND

A SUCCESSFUL TURN MAY CONSIST OF THREE PARTS:

1. THE VESSEL HAS TURNED TO THE DESIRED DEGREE.
2. THE VESSEL HAS MAINTAINED THE DESIRED SPEED.
3. THE VESSEL HAS PLACED IN THE DESIRED POSITION

• THE DESIRED DEGREE MEANS THE NEW COURSE AND STEADY ON IT.
• THE DESIRED SPEED MEANS WE DIDN’T USE THE ENGINE SPEED TO HELP THE TURN.
• THE DESIRED POSITION MEANS THE VESSEL HAS KEEP IN THE CORRECT POSITION IN THE WATERWAY, NOT TURNING TOO EARLY OR TOO LATE. 

WHAT IS THE CORRECT POSITION IN THE WATERWAY? IT’S THE POSITION WHERE THE PRESSURE FIELD AROUND THE VESSEL ARE IN EQUIVALENT STATUS. THIS CORRECT POSITION IS IN THE CENTER OF THE RIVER WATER FLOW LINE, BUT NOT NECESSARY THE CENTER OF THE RIVER. FOR A NATURE RIVER DEPTH IS UNEVEN CAUSING THE WATER FLOW IN DIFFERENT SPEED. WHEN THE VESSEL CONDUCTING THE TURN IN OPEN WATER, THE PRESSURE FIELD CAUSED BY VESSEL SPEED HAVE THE INFLUENCE SHOWN ON THE SHIP TURNING CHARACTERISTIC. WHEN A VESSEL PROCEEDING ALONG THE RIVER OR CANAL WILL MAKE A TURNING IN DIFFERENT CHARACTERISTICS.