Sailed4seas的部落格

第一章漫談處境感識 也就是 Situational awareness.  這個的理論基礎 是由於人類 行為的三個特性 第一個是理性 第二個是感性 第三個是慣性. 這三種特性是相生相剋的 最經常遇到的是，年輕人的感性比較強 。所以經常會被感覺淹沒了理智，在強大的壓力之下，倉促作出行動， 甚至於談不上決策，因為他心裡面根本就沒有理論依據，只是憑著一股強烈的感覺在做事 。即使是跑了二三十年傳船的老手 ，如果遇到不熟悉的情況， 也是會做出錯誤的決定。

 其次談的是我們的理性，也就是我們的理智， 其實只有七樣可以意識到的東西，能夠讓我們保持理智，其他90%以上的資訊 都是儲存在我們的慣性裡面， 所以良好的習慣，就非常重要，這些習慣，航運界把它歸納為SOP標準作業程序。   一般人讀SOP的時候經常挑自己認為重要的事情來記憶，因為沒有辦法一下記起這麼多的程序，但這是一種危險的錯誤。 程序 除了要注意的事項，還有一個很重要的因素就是他安排的順序不能錯。 錯了話 就會造成不一樣的後果， 這些從程序經常經過反覆討論巨細無遺， 可是實際的應用， 卻不可能有這麼多的檢查程序。 這個就需要我們對程序的背景知識有足夠的了解， 才能夠在緊急的時候， 跳過這些程序直接做出正確的判斷。 瞭解與記憶，缺一不可，真正的記憶是長期記憶，需要兩個月的時間，才會成型。 對付這些一套一套的SOP,, 沒別的辦法，就是先瞭解，再測試，仔細想，一而再，再而三，養成習慣。

危急時，不是我們要簡化這些程序，是這些程序所包括的大大小小的因素，已經在我們的潛意識裏面，先做好了決策，我們 倉促中的決策 ，就是潛意識裡面感覺最強烈的那一個決策。

最後講的就是我們的專業知識 要如何養成， 如何成為一個專家 ，就是要有足夠的背景知識的線索， 然後再與現場的環境相結合 。背景的知識就是我們的理性，這需要好好讀懂本書。 現場的環境，就是我們的感覺，這是潛意識的工作，你說對了， 潛意識是不可捉摸的，感覺可不可靠，只有天知道，所以經驗就是驗證的程序，沒有五年十年不為功。很多人說，本書難懂，只能說是相見恨晚，這幾十年你都被耽誤了。現在要不要補，是隨人自主，但是不要說，東西不好。

最後養成良好的習慣， 這個習慣就會產生直覺。直覺就是潛意識的決策，人的大腦還是比超級電腦強，不要看超級電腦贏了圍棋。

 決策 就是把標準作業程序的瞭解（感覺），記憶（慣性），執行（理性）， 放在我們的潛意識裡面， 讓他產生感覺最強烈的 行動方案 ，藉由實際的情況 來測試 我們的 決策（直覺）是否正確，也就是 潛意識浮現的感覺，是否正確，如果能夠確認（理性），我們的直覺是對的，那就成了專家。

 我們的專業知識， 不能有任何含糊不清 模糊的空間， 這就是現今航運界面臨最大的困難， 只是 大家都習而不查 ，直到危機的時候 ，才會覺得有什麼不對勁（手會遲疑不前，）， 這種不確定性（潛意識的警告）， 只有在非常危險的時候，才會出現 。但是非常危險的情況， 經常都是 一閃而逝 ，留下心靈創傷(emotional scars) ，只有隱藏在船長不願回顧的記憶，與心中的恐懼裡， 既然沒有解答，（沒有讀過本書）只能選擇把他遺忘，這就是船長睿智的眼睛裡面，為什麼總是帶著那麼一絲絲的憂傷與哀愁， 這是第一章的主題。

The first chapter talks about situational awareness, which is based on the three characteristics of human behavior. The first is rational. The second is emotional. The third is habit. These three characteristics are commonly enhanced or depressed each other by nature. And Yes, young people are more emotional, so their ration often overwhelmed (depressed) by their emotion. Under strong pressure situation, they jump out conclusions without making any decisions because there was no background knowledge at all in their conscious or subconscious who just acted according to their strongest feel-like. Even a veteran who has been at sea for two or three decades can make this wrong decision if he or she surrounded by an unfamiliar situation.

Secondly, what we talk about is our ration which is our quest for reason. In fact, there are only seven things that we can be aware to keep us going. More than 90% of the information needed in a decision is stored in our regular work procedures that are our habit. Therefore, good habits, It is very important that these habits, shipping industry, it is classified as SOP standard operating procedures. Most people read SOP often pick things that they think are important to remember, because there is no way to remembered so many programs, but this is a dangerous mistake. In addition to the program to note, there is a very important factor is that he arranged the order can not be wrong. Wrong words can have very different consequences. These are often elaborately discussed from the point of view of the program, but the actual application does not allow for so many examinations. This requires that we have sufficient understanding of the background of the program, in order to be able to skip these programs in the emergency, to make the correct judgments directly. Understanding and memory, are indispensable, the real memory is long-term memory, take two months, will shape. To deal with these set of SOP, no other way is to first understand and then test, think carefully, again and again, and then, to develop a habit.

In a crisis, it is not that we want to simplify these procedures. They are the large and small factors included in these procedures. They are already in our subconscious and we make decisions first. The decision in our rush is the one we feel most strongly in the subconscious decision making.

Finally, we talk about how to develop our professional knowledge, how to become an expert, is to have enough background knowledge of the clues, and then combined with the scene environment. Background knowledge is our rationality, which requires a good understanding of the book. The scene environment is our feeling. This is a subconscious work. When you are right, subconsciousness is unpredictable and you feel unreliable. Only God knows. Therefore, experience is the procedure of verification. It has not failed for five years and ten years. Many people say that this book is difficult to understand. It can only be described as a nightmare. You have been delayed for decades. Do not make up now, it is independent, but do not say that things are not good.

Finally develop good habits, this habit will produce intuition. Intuition is the subconscious decision-making, the human brain is still stronger than the supercomputer, do not look at the supercomputer won Go.

Decision-making is to put the standard operating procedures understanding (feeling), memory (habit), implementation (rationality), inside our subconscious mind, let him produce the strongest feeling of action program, according to the actual situation to test our decision-making Intuition) is correct, that is, the feeling of subconsciousness emerges, is correct, if we can confirm (rational), our intuition is right, it became an expert.

 Our professional knowledge can not have any ambiguous and vague space. This is the greatest difficulty facing the shipping industry today. It is only because we all study and do not make any investigation until the crisis occurs. (Hand will hesitate ,), This uncertainty (subconscious warning) only occurs when it is very dangerous. But very dangerous situations are often fleeting, leaving emotional scars, hidden only in the memories of the captain do not want to review, and the hearts of fear, since there is no answer, (not read the book) only Choose to forget him, this is the captain's wisdom inside the eyes, why always with so little trace of sadness and sorrow, this is the first chapter of the theme.